Each part is responsible for certain functions that perform its neurons. Neurons inside the “part” are grouped into even more highly specialized zones and are called nuclei. For example, in the bridge there is a core called a blue spot (it really has a bluish color) is produced by a norepinephrine mediator and participates in the regulation of the Son/wakefulness cycle, triggers the general adaptation syndrome (stress in the people) and in general holds the nervous system (t.e. you) in a certain level of excitement.

Let’s go in order:
– Spinal cord – By and large, these are the "exits" of the brain into the body. The fibers (axons) of neurons stretch throughout the spine, leaving on those “levels” where the organ/muscle is located, to which it is “connected”. The spinal cord does not analyze anything, this is a dumb performer. Unless some reflexes are performed at the level of the spinal cord, the signal does not go to the brain. T.e., For example, when you are clapped on the shoulder – sensory neurons (receiving signal from skin receptors) send a signal to the brain, passing through the dorsal. There this signal is analyzed and solved what value for the body "it" has. And if you were hit on the knee with a hammer, as at a neurologist’s reception, and the knee jumped up – all this happened without the “call” of the signal into the brain. “Spinal game” is a very accurate expression for a dumb game that does not require the work of consciousness ^_ ^
– The oblong brain – One of the most evolutionarily ancient parts. All vital centers are located here, consciousness almost does not reach: the rhythm of the heart, salivation, the release of gastric juice – that’s all, shorter 🙂 + some reflexes. In particular, protective.
– Bridge – Without going into details, the bridge is a kind of "transshipment point" of the nervous system. Here, regulatory centers (already mentioned blue spot, for example) and a structure very important for the nervous system is a reticular formation. A network of neurons, which permeates almost the entire brain and regulates excitement in different centers. So that there is no overexcitation anywhere and, vice versa.
– The middle brain – This is already more interesting. And from the point of view of functions, and from the point of view of evolution. Once the middle brain was what the bark is today, it is the beginnings of conscious behavior. In particular, the average brain is a reaction to external stimuli, which you will not even have time to think about. Say, the door behind my back slammed sharply, you turned to the sound without really thinking why you are doing this. It worked the middle brain, or rather, indicative reflex. In addition, the average brain is also involved in the regulation of the sleep cycle/wakefulness (this is generally a very complex process … First, turn off all the “systems” and then turn on) and takes a very tight part in the processes of body movement.
– Cerebellum – "Motor brain". It is incorrect to think that all the movements that we make occur thanks to the cerebellum. This is not quite. Even a simple raising of the hand involves many centers, in t.h. cerebellum. But he takes the greatest part in automated movements – walking, letter, cycling. What you can and do not really think about how to do it. When you only master a certain motor skill – His Majesty Cor is densely engaged in its execution. For this is something new and requires the participation of our highest centers. But as soon as the skill is mastered, its fulfillment is given to the cerebellum, so that His Majesty does not spend its resources on any indecent.
– Intermediate brain – hypothalamus -And now, finally, the most interesting. Probably, scientists of the uncles scold me for such a simplification, but by and large the core of your personality is this same hypothalamus. Firstly, there are centers of needs, motivation and unconditional (laid down by nature, for example, parental) behavior. Secondly, some complex reflexes (later evolutionary). Thirdly, the hypothalamus (along with the pituitary gland adjacent to it) is the highest center for regulation of hormone levels in your body (which regulate many processes. From the banal “how fast the member rises” to “how much you react to stress”) and how much this or that center is developed – affects the personality. Let’s say you have great neural activity in the center of aggressive defense. From childhood you have grown a very fighting child, a quick -tempered child. Of course, it is possible to correct this by education (His Majesty the bark just has inhibitory influence on different centers, t.e. reduces their activity). Or, conversely, if you have a more developed center of passive and defensive behavior, then you are the same child who never gave change. + There are still a couple of moments of influence on individuality, but more on that later.
– Intermediate brain – thalamus – "Filter". If the bark is His Majesty, then the Talamus is a kind of herald at the entrance that filters all the incoming signals and decides which one is worthy of his Majesty, and which is not. The main factor here is novelty. The more the new signal, the more likely you will pay attention to this signal. This, for example, is based on a ritorial technique – if you are not listened to and in the audience noisy, in no case try to speak louder, but start talking in a whisper. Thalamus of all sitting in an instant will miss a new, unusual signal. Or a widely known high from sex with a new partner. The partner himself may not be so hot, but the fact that he is new makes the brain tremble. Animals, what to take from us. For example, a well -known Autism disease is just a violation of the development of the thalamus. I am now coarse, but the essence is this: by and large, the thalamus autists is in excess of sensitive. He perceives all signals as new, there is a huge stream of information in the bark, with which she cannot cope. Hence the desire of autists to live on a strict daily routine and God forbid something to change. Thalamus is so a little easier.
– Bark. His Majesty. Brain. Brainer. Brain … KHGM. In general, the very thing that most often mean under the brain. The highest achievement of evolution. Divided into zones:

Yellow – frontal share. Also https://slotssafari.uk/mobile-app/ to some extent the core of our personality. Damage to this particular share (tumors, injuries) lead to changes in the personality. For example, the famous Fineas P. Gage, who pierced the frontal share of the pipe and he survived – has changed a lot. He could no longer comply with social norms, became aggressive, began to be divorced, etc.p. Hard, very stringent changes are observed and, for example, with tumors of this share. Until running naked in the center of Moscow. Functionally, this is the "decision -making" zone. Neurons of this particular zone choose one or another behavioral program that needs to be performed (for example, the hypothalamus measuring the content of salts in the blood, I realized that the body wants to drink, the frontal share on the basis of this information launched the campaign for the kitchen for a glass of vodka).
Red – Motor cortex. Movement.
Blue – skin and muscle sensitivity.
Green – The visual bark. There is a signal from the eye here.
Blue – temporal bark. Smell, taste, hearing.
And most importantly – pink. TPO zone. This zone, as it were, accumulates all sensitivity signals (note that it is just “in contact” with 3 other zones that are responsible for receiving a signal from the outside world), forms a general model of the surrounding reality. Here are the so -called Gnostic neurons (or “my grandmother’s neuron” in scientific circles). These are neurons-detectors. For example, you first saw an orange. In the temporal lobe, you activated neurons talking about citrus aroma and taste. In the zone of skin and muscle sensitivity of infa that orange is rough with "pimples". Well, in the visual, that he is round and orange. And now with all these neurons storing this info, one is connected – Gnostic, which receives the code name "Orange".

This is perhaps that is all. Briefly about the detail of the individual differences that I announced above.

A nervous impulse (pasmic action potential (PD)) is generated in an axon mound of neuron:

And this is how close to him another neuron is “connected” – it will now quickly answer this neuron to the signal from another. For example, you like to eat. Neuron from the saturation centers in the hypothalamus with its dendrites “connected” as close as possible to the axial mound of neuron in the center of positive emotions. T.e. Every time you eat, you feel good. On the contrary, a person whose compound is removed from an axon mound in food sees not such a high 🙂